My Educational Experience With Therapy / Psychology

When one decides to become a counselor, there are several aspects to learn to become a well-rounded therapist. One of those aspects is gaining knowledge of the various theories and central concept of the counseling profession. Additional facets to learn is how to create a therapeutic environment for the client. Furthering on these aspects, we have to learn to interact with clients to be better able to help them in different areas of their life including social and professional. Final features to learn about counseling is how clients view their own life to produce more therapeutic opportunities. Throughout this paper I will discuss these various features of counseling. While we go through our education to become a therapist there are several theories and concepts to learn. At first, I didn’t want to become a counselor when I started college. However as I gained knowledge about the profession I began to develop a love of everything that it is about. In my educational experience with therapy/psychology we have discussed on our views of concepts in counseling. These discussions always have me thinking of my own life and experiences in the field. When it comes to counseling my personal opinion is, I believe that counseling is a noble field to get into for a career. I view therapy as highly effective in assisting individuals through their difficulties. I also consider it to be important for just basic living. Counseling assists us to understand ourselves and it gives variousShow MoreRelatedApplication Essay: Applying for Specialist Program in School Psychology932 Words   |  4 Pageseveryday carrying someone else’s problem on my shoulders, officially making it my problem to fix. I reinforced my madness by telling my self that this phase in my life will pass. The irony of it is that life passed me by as I disappeared in the mist of trying to â€Å"fix† someone else’s problem. 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African and Carribean Dance Essay Example For Students

African and Carribean Dance Essay Within African and Caribbean dance there are many similar stylistic features stemming from various places either being the background from where the dance evolved from or cultural significances. Within the essay there will be discussions about the movement language of the two styles. Cultural significance and the stylistic features of the dance will also be discussed. The two styles of dance from African that will be discussed are Muchongoyo and Kinka. Caribbean will be focussing on the Kumina and Dinkie-Minie. Originating from Congo in West Africa is the traditional ritual, Kumina. According to Carty, Kumina practitioners believe there are three ranks of spirits, this dance calls to the the Ancestral rank. The dance calls on the spirits to fulfil their wishes of good and evil, and is performed at different events including marriages, engagement, births, deaths and for political or social success. Also as stated by Carty it can be used to perform evil tasks such as making someone ill or wishing bad luck on their family. This is possible because the ancestors they call upon were also alive at one point so share their feelings on justice and revenge. (Carty, 1988. Pg 20-21) The ritual commonly begins at sundown and ends at sunrise and different colours are worn for different ceremonies. They dance round a central pole, also dressed in particular colours for the ritual. Within the group of dancers is also a King or Queen dancer who is the leader, this person will normally either be the best dancer in the group or will be the most knowledgable in the rituals and customs. Cary, 1988. Pg 21) The Kumina has two main drums that are used, namely the Kbandu and the Playing Cast. The Kbandu is the male drum which is made from the skin of a ewe, stretched and sprayed with White Rum until the required pitch is acquired. The leading drum is the Playing cast, the female drum which speaks throughout the dance and leads the dancers through their breaks and motions. One of the main movements within the Kumina use footwork and the pelvis. The feet move across the floor in a movement known as Inching. Carty, 1988. Pg 22) The body is grounded with the knees bent and the ribcage rotates. Dinkie-Minie is a dance originating from Jamaica. The ritual that takes place during this dance is called ‘The Set Up and the Ninth-Nights’. The Dinkie-Minie is performed to celebrate the death of someone, it is a ritual where a community will come together and support the persons family whilst helping them to celebrate that their deceased love one has moved to a better place. (Carty, 1988. Pg32) The spirits journey begins on the Ninth Night where it leaves for the better place, however in the days leading up to that, after the sadness at the beginning, the relatives then sing and dance to rejoice about the deceased being in a better place. The drums and instruments used in the Dinkie-Minie are the Katta sticks milk tins, graters and shakes but the instrument necessary for the dance is the Tamboo a drum which is cylindrical. Again like the Kumina the Dinkie-Minie is based on strong pelvic rotations, and knees that almost knock together. Dinkie has a very spiritual side and having a wake of this style is crucial the the african culture within it. With both these dances being rituals they are very similar. They both have an ancestral side whether it be sending the loved ones up to the ancestors or calling upon the ancestors to grant their wishes. One of West Africa’s traditional dance and music forms is the Kinka. The style is of recent origins in the 1940s and gives a youthful inclination of dance throughout the song. .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef , .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef .postImageUrl , .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef , .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef:hover , .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef:visited , .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef:active { border:0!important; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef:active , .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9fa9a6096c270d4410b9534fd58212ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dance-Christianity EssayThe dance is not so much a spiritual piece like the Dinkie-Minie and the Kumina, it is more of a social and entertaining style. (Gbolonyo, K. 2012) As Gbolonya says â€Å"Short repetitive metaphoric phrases are the norms of this communal entertainment. † This explains about how the piece really follows a structure of repetition as the dancer initiates different movements. The drummer is in direct control of how to piece moves forward as they give the call on the drum so the dancer can change to a different movement, of come back to the original movement to join the rest of the dancers. The drum signals also help dancers keep the time and rhythm as the dance progresses. Gbolonyo also states that the Kinka is used more for a political statement and is well crafted to do so. The Muchongoyo is a dance that originates from Zimbabwe and the Nguni-speaking groups of South Africa. As a dance, Muchongoyo falls into the category of Indlamu, a military drill exercise created to install discipline into the men of the zulu nation and mental prepare them for war. (Asante, KW. 2000 Pg 68 ) The drum which is now used for Muchongoyo is a modern variation on the traditional drums. Women are mainly the musicians in this dance playing the hashes and sing alongside the men, the drum accompany the dance and whistles are used to accent the stomps in the piece. (Welsh, K. 2004 Pg109) Muchongoyo is a powerful dance and produces that much force and energy that the performer really starts to mix and make one with the powerful dance and music. â€Å"A. M Opokuexpressed the idea: dance and music should be so closely connected that ‘one can see the music and hear the dance. † (Sieber. 1986 Pg 234) In the performance of Muchongoyo, the dance itself must work to personify the sound and really make it come as a whole together for the audience to feel that powerful involvement. ( Asante, KW. 2000 Pg 65) The costumes also play a part in the making of such a strong dance. They are neo- traditional and try to imitate as closely to their forefathers costume choices as they can. The men have short skirts with shorts and wear ostrich feathers in their hair. Caribbean and African dance clearly have strong roots and a shared cultural history. The powerful music styles make them stand out from other traditional styles in the world and they share the same instrument, the percussion. The main thing that keeps them so traditional and exciting to watch is that even as time moves forward and they develop the styles always stick to their traditional roots which you can follow all the back to their African descent. Making them very entertaining and educational almost to watch. Bibliography: Carty, H. (1988.) Folk dances of Jamaica: An Insight, United Kingdom: Distributed in the U.S.A. by Princeton Book Co. Gbolonyo , K., Music and Dance. Adams Habobo. Available at: http://www.adanuhabobo.com/musicdance.html . Jopling, C. Sieber, R., 1971. Art and Aesthetics in Primitive Societies: A Critical Anthology, United States: New York : Dutton, c1971. Welsh Asante, M. (2000.) Zimbabwe Dance 1st ed., Trenton: Africa World Press, Inc. Welsh-Asante, K. (2004.) African Dance (World of Dance), United States: Chelsea House Publications. Citations (Carty, 1988 Pg 20-21) (Carty, 1988 Pg 21) (Carty, 1988 Pg 22) (Carty, 1988 Pg 32 (Gbolongo, K. 2012) (Asante, KW. 2000 Pg 68) (Welsh, K. 2004 ph 109) (Sieber. 1986 pg 234) (Asante, KW. 2000 Pg 65)

Terryfying Event Essays - Auditory System, Ear, Eustachian Tube

Terryfying Event 50 to Deep but 50 to Shallow Scuba diving is something my dad loves to do, I like it to. It was no small suprise when my dad took me on a scuba trip the summer I got my scuba certification, I was 12. We went to Cozumel Mexico, and in case you did not know this is considered the diving capitol of the world. The only problem is that a lack of experience in any field, no matter how pretty the view is, can be terrifying. The dive itself was a easy drift dive (I say easy 4 years and 30 dives later) all you have to do was go down drift along look at the pretty fish and enjoy the ride while the boat hovers along above. This was no problem for the other people, as they got down. I on the other hand I had a head cold. [Before you can understand what this means you must first understand some basic principals. Water is heavier than air. The space inside your middle ear is filled with air, under normal conditions air flows slowly between your middle ear and pharynx, through your Eustachian tube. This movement of air equalizes pressure between you middle ear (tympanic cavity) and the atmosphere. As water is heavier than air, the pressure change is also heavier, meaning that above the water you can ascend or descend hundreds of feet before the pressure change becomes noticeable. Under the water however the change is much more dramatic, (this is rough and the figure changes as you get deeper or shallower) ergo, 500 in the air is equivalent to the pressure change of 20 in the water. Now, add on to this equation a head cold (the Eustachian tube is clogged with mucus) and the fact that I am a 12 year old inexperienced diver.] I got down all right, just like everyone else. For the first 50. I realized then that I could not equalize and there for could not descend further withought pain or serious ear damage. Picture me hanging there arms out like a sky diver looking down at the other people 50 below me, the boat 50 above me. It could have been the greatest thrill of my life flying along underwater, letting the current push me steadily along looking at the mountains of coral below me, sun glinting along the water surface above me. I was flying, the only problem was I did not want to be there right then. I wanted to either be up on the boat or down with the rest of the people. It was terrifying. Me cursing along 50 above 50 below, if I went up to they boat I thought I would have been called chicken, and would of ruined the dive for the other people. If I went down I could have hurt my ears badly. So I tried unsuccessfully to tell the people I could not equalize. Picture me now terry eyed, folting 50 above them, looking up at my siliout as I flapped my arms stupidly, pointing at my head. They either understood or not, but I was still floating along terrified, remembering the shark week on discovery channel, wishing I was any where but where I was, suspended in the crystal clear blue water, crying my head off with no one to hear me. I eventually (only about 10 min, but it felt like eternity!) was able to equalize and joined them at the bottom, red eyed , but happy. When asked about it on the surface I said my mask had leaked and the salt water had bothered my eyes. And as to them not coming up to see what was wrong, the dive master said huskily Only one way to learn boy, got to do it your self. English Essays

Joy Harjo - Feminist, Indigenous Poet and Activist

Joy Harjo - Feminist, Indigenous Poet and Activist Born: May 9, 1951, Tulsa, OklahomaOccupation: Poet, Musician, Performer, ActivistKnown for: Feminism and American Indian activism, particularly through artistic expression Joy Harjo has been a significant voice in the rejuvenation of indigenous culture. As a poet and musician, she was influenced by the activism of the American Indian Movement (AIM) during the 1970s. Joy Harjos poetry and music often speak of individual womens experiences while examining larger cultural concerns and Native American  traditions. Heritage Joy Harjo was born in Oklahoma in 1951 and is a member of the Mvskoke, or Creek, Nation. She is of part Creek and part Cherokee descent, and her ancestors include a long line of tribal leaders. She took the last name Harjo from her maternal grandmother. Artistic Beginnings Joy Harjo attended the Institute of American Indian Arts high school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She performed in an indigenous drama troupe and studied painting. Although one of her early band teachers did not allow her to play the saxophone because she was a girl, she picked it up later in life and now performs music solo and with a band. Joy Harjo had her first child at age 17 and worked odd jobs as a single mother to support her children. She then enrolled in the University of New Mexico and received her bachelors degree in 1976. She received her MFA from the prestigious Iowa Writers Workshop. Joy Harjo began writing poetry in New Mexico, inspired by the American Indian activist movement. She is recognized for her poetic subject matter that includes feminism and Indian justice. Books of Poetry Joy Harjo has called poetry the most distilled language. Like many other feminist poets writing in the 1970s, she experimented with language, ​form and structure. She uses her poetry and voice as part of her responsibility to her tribe, to women, and to all people. Joy Harjos poetic works include: The Last Song (1975), her first chapbook, a small collection of poems in which she began questioning oppression, including the colonization of Native land. What Moon Drove Me To This? (1979), Joy Harjos first full-length collection of poetry. She Had Some Horses (1983), considered one of her classics it explores the oppression of women, but also their spiritual lives and triumphant awakenings. In Mad Love and War (1990), an examination of both personal relationships and societal struggles of Native Americans. The Woman Who Fell From the Sky(1994), which won the Oklahoma Book Award in Poetry. How We Became Human: New and Selected Poems 1975-2001, a collection that looks back over her three-decade career as a poet. The poetry of Joy Harjo is rich with ​imagery, symbols, and landscapes. What do the horses mean? is one of her readers most frequently asked questions. In reference to meaning, she writes, Like most poets I dont really know what my poems or the stuff of my poetry means exactly. Other Work Joy Harjo was an editor of the anthology Reinventing the Enemys Language: Contemporary Native American Womens Writings of North America. It contains poetry, memoir, and prayer by Native women from more than fifty nations. Joy Harjo is also a musician; she sings and plays the saxophone and other instruments, including flute, ukulele, and percussion. She has released music and spoken word CDs. She has performed as a solo artist and with bands such as Poetic Justice. Joy Harjo sees music and poetry as growing together, although she was a published poet before she publicly performed music. She has questioned why the academic community would want to confine poetry to the page when most poetry in the world is sung. Joy Harjo continues to write and perform in festivals and theaters. She has won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers Circle of the Americas and the William Carlos Williams award from the Poetry Society of America, among other prizes and fellowships. She has taught as a lecturer and professor at multiple universities throughout the Southwest United States.

A Different Conception of an Ideal Government in the Case of a Hobbess Research Paper

A Different Conception of an Ideal Government in the Case of a Hobbess Civil Society - Research Paper Example Hobbes acknowledges the value of freedom or liberty as something that cannot be gotten in nature but only possible in civil society. However, the insufficiency with this definition is well exemplified when discussing the importance of positive or civil liberty that exists in any civil society as espoused by Rousseau. Rousseau argues that idea Hobbes idea creates negative liberty or civil society that is typified by ‘unlawful chains’ that compels people to conform to a system they actually do not agree with. Another criticism against Hobbes's state of nature relates to the existence of man as pre-social. Rousseau wonders how a man would be considered pre-social yet in the state of nature, most qualities attributed to him are social in nature. Rousseau describes the aspect of pride as one that can only take place in a social environment. It must be understood, nonetheless, that both of these two scholars base their arguments on men’s qualities that are interpersonal in nature. According to Rousseau, it is misleading when Hobbes claims that the life of man is solitary and yet he has inferred used the concept of neighbourliness where people are not likely to get satisfied with resources at their disposal, because they are envious about what their neighbours have. Hobbes supports a government that is headed by a ruler or king. In this case, people would confide their power or sovereignty in the hands of kings as a way of being more resolute and consistent in exercising political authority. Furthermore, Hobbes indicates that once the people have surrendered their absolute power to their ruler or king, they do not have any right to rebel against his wishes.

The cons and pros of fair value versus historical cost accounting and Essay

The cons and pros of fair value versus historical cost accounting and deprival value - Essay Example Financial reporting requires extremely accurate form of measurement to deliver information to lenders and shareholders who are obliged to know how wisely their money is being spent (Barth 2007). Van Zijl & Whittington (2006) reveal that the current form of measurement is increasingly emphasizing on the use of current value to replace historical costs. The principle reason behind the establishment of accounting standards was to ensure that financial information produced by organizations are accurate, reliable, complete, timely and relevant. In addition, accounting standards would ensure that organizations not only demonstrate accountability but also maintain it while meeting statutory reporting requirements such that the stakeholders are accounted for organizational financial performance to support decision making (Cooper 2007). Currently, the measurement basis for measuring amounts in financial statements includes among others historical cost, amortized historical cost, fair value an d value in use. This paper evaluates the pros and cons of fair value versus historical cost accounting and deprival value. 1.0. Current cost should be used in financial reporting Historical cost accounting works well for liabilities that are not traded; representation of liabilities for contractual business obligations like long term deferred revenue, and other complex issues of life insurance and pension liabilities (Macve 2010). However, more emphasis is given to existing stakeholders and stewardship compared to service to investors in capital market and usefulness in economic decisions emphasized by fair value approach which replaces historical costs (Whittington 2008). Historical cost accounting and deprival value characterize the conceptual framework of ASB while fair value is a recent concept that is available only for the last 20 years in FASB, the IASB and the ASB and is increasingly applied in financial reporting. Penman (2007) argues that while historical cost accounting h as been used in items whose measurement using fair value would be unreliable or expensive to quantify, fair value is considered to be informative given that it is applied within mixed measurement system. Defining and measuring current value Fair value is defined by Penman (2007) as the amount that would be obtained from selling an asset or the amount that would be given away in defrayal of a liability in a transaction deemed as methodical and between wiling and well-informed participants. As a result, fair value accounting information reflects the future and not the past, events or transactions (Whittington 2008; Barth 2006). Barth (2007) reveals that the measurement decisions are made by standard setters through focusing on the application of the definitions of elements in financial reporting and the qualitative attributes of accounting information on the basis of financial reporting objective. The use of qualitative attributes is intended at recognizing the desired measurement cha racteristics while the financial reporting objective brings out the context within which the evaluation of measurement will be evaluated (Barth 2007). 2.0. Importance of deprival value concept Van Zijl and Whittington (2006) argue that deprival value is the implying measurement at substitute cost for an asset that has a recoverable amount superior than the costs to be incurred for replacement. The value of an asset is restricted to replacement costs since the loss incurred in losing an asset

Objectives Essay Example for Free

Objectives Essay 1. Goal is a Long-term end toward which programs or activities are directed. Goals are general and include no date of completion. Organizations are usually formed with the aim of achieving specific goals. These goals usually determine the direction that the organization will take over the long term and are not always very specific. Goals of organizations operating in the private sector generally revolve around the maximization of profits for the owners. However, some organizations also have other objectives that they may pursue in the short term. Objective is a specific, measurable, intermediate end that is achievable, sometimes measurable, and marks progress towards a goal. Objectives are action-orientated statements demonstrating the means to achieve a goal. Objectives often serve as the principles of setting up policies and evaluating the performance. An effective way to set objectives is to follow the well known acronym SMART. A SMART objective is specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time scaled. An objective that follows SMART is more likely to succeed because it is clear (specific) so you know exactly what needs to be achieved. You can tell when it has been achieved (measurable) because you have a way to measure completion. A SMART objective is likely to happen because it is an event that is achievable. Before setting a SMART objective relevant factors such as resources and time were taken into account to ensure that it is realistic. Finally the timescale element provides a deadline which helps people focus on the tasks required to achieve the objective. The timescale element stops people postponing task completion. Policy is generally principles creating the course of action or way in which programs and activities are coordinated to achieve an identified goal or objective, supporting the action of the objectives. Scotia Airways is actually doing well at setting up goals, objectives and policies, it has set up several good goals: 1. Consumer goal is pertaining to the customer, Scotia Airways aims to provide exceptional value for money, unparalleled comfort and convenience to its passengers, every time they are on board; 2. Operational goals are the short-term tactics designed to achieve the company’s long-term strategy. The management team within Scotia have worked meticulously in planning and evaluating their services to ensure that customer focus in the primary driver of business success; 3. Product goals are related to the quality, amount and service. This kind of goal is really important to Scotia Airways because they are doing a lot of work on service. They now offer several value added services. 4. Secondary goals. After the above important goals are achieved in the future, Scotia Airways may have to setup this kind of goal such as ameliorate their relationship between staffs and management estates. The investors in Scotia Airways have set an ambitious program for expansion over the next five years to include long haul destinations, it’s a very important objective for Scotia Airways. Scotia Airways has a wide ranging reward policy. After finishing the supervision of work amounts, in sales apartment employee’s work performance increase an extra by 30% in a period of three months. By this way, Scotia Airways can motivate their staffs greatly. Organization In system theory, an open system is a system which continuously interacts with its environment or surroundings. The interaction can take the form of information, energy, or material transfers into or out of the system boundary, depending on the discipline which defines the concept. An open system is contrasted with the concept of an isolated system which exchanges neither energy, matter, nor information with its environment. The concept of an open system was formalized within a framework that enabled one to interrelate the organism, thermodynamics, and evolutionary theory. This concept was expanded upon with the advent of information theory and subsequently systems theory. Today the concept has its applications in the natural and social sciences. 3. Organizations have a formal structure which is the way that the organization is organized by those with responsibility for managing the organization. They create the formal structures that enable the organization to meet its stated objectives. Such as Marketing Department, Finance Department in Scotia Airways are all formal organizations. Actually Scotia Airways Co. is a formal organization. However, in the course of time an informal structure develops in most organizations which is based on the reality of day-to-day interactions between the members of the organization. This informal structure may be different from that which is set out on paper. Such as Scotia Airways may hold a party and employ some guards just for that party day. 4. Stakeholders are many different individuals or groups who affect or are affected by an organization. Stakeholders have an interest in a particular organization. External stakeholders: A party such as a customer, supplier, or lender that influences and is influenced by an organization but is not a member of it. Customers always enjoy better service. Since Scotia Airways’ major income is from its customers, it should change its service according to its customers’ demands. Internal Stakeholders: Individuals who reside inside the company as board members, executives, managers, employees, and trade unions and who benefit directly from their contributions to the growth of the company. In management estates, administrators always try to come up with better ideas making more profits for their companies and motivate their staffs to work harder. 5. Control often has an emotive connotation and is interpreted in a negative manner to suggest direction or command by the giving of orders. People may be suspicious of control systems and see them as emphasizing punishment, as an indication of authoritarian management and as a means of exerting pressure and maintaining discipline. In my opinion, since Scotia Airways doesn’t have many staffs right now and they are planning to expand their companies, I suggest they separate them into several groups and set up different objectives for each group. It’s also important to enhance motivation for staffs. They can hold some parties and informal organizations increasingly.